PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ATTENDING JERICHO SPECIALIST HOSPITAL IBADAN, OYO STATE

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic, debilitating and costly disease affecting more than 1.56 million people in Nigeria. The psychosocial stress of having this chronic disease, its treatment, burden associated with living with DM and its debilitating consequences could result in depression and anxiety. Coexistence of depression and anxiety in patients with DM results in worse diabetes outcomes, decreased life satisfaction, poor quality of life, increase health-care utilization and cost. However, there is dearth of studies on coexistence of depression and anxiety among patients with type 2 DM in Nigeria. This study therefore determined the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among patients with type 2 DM. This study was a hospital based cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and physical examination. Data were collected from 273 patients with type 2 DM aged 40 years and above who had been receiving treatment for at least three months at the Medical Out Patient Clinic of Jericho Specialist Hospital (JSH), Ibadan. Respondents were selected using systematic sampling technique. Information on sociodemographic, medical and psychosocial factors related to OM were obtained. Depression, Anxiety and Social support were assessed by using Zung's Self Depression Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support respectively. Descriptive statistics, Chi square and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. P value was set at 0.05. The mean age of the respondents was 62.1±10.2 years. The median duration of having type 2 DM was 4years. Most of the respondents were female (85.3%). About one quarter (27.5%) had depression, out of which 26.4% had mild depression. Anxiety was reported by 16.5% of the respondents, while 4.4% had comorbidity of depression and anxiety. More than half (56.0%) of the respondents had moderate perceived social support while 37.4% and 6.6% had high and low social support respectively. Families provided most of the social support while friends provided the least social support. Depression in this study was significantly associated with being widowed, having low social support and being physically inactive. The predictor of depression after adjustment for confounders was physical inactivity (OR=l.726; 95%CI=l.007-2.959). Christians were 2.3 times more likely to have anxiety compared to those who were Muslim (OR=2.251; 95%CI=l.100- 4.605). Clinicians need to screen for depression and anxiety when treating patients with type 2 DM so that they can receive comprehensive case management and have good clinical outcomes.