Periodontal health of the elderly people in South East local government area in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Health problems involving physical and mental conditions directly or indirectly affect the oral health of the elderly. Other ways in which physical and mental health conditions influence their health result from the various drug prescriptions given for these ailments. Periodontal health is the most affected. Various studies have demonstrated that the elderly have the highest rate of gingival bleeding, calculus deposits and periodontal pocketing. It is the aim of this study to determine the health of the supporting tissues of the teeth using periodontal indices such as the C.PI.T.N and mobility index. The study was carried out on 690 elderly individuals (403 males and 287 females) who were 65 years and above living in various wards in the South East Local Government Area of Ibadan (S.E.L.G.A). A multistage sampling technique was used to select elderly individuals for the study. Two interviewers, 2 record clerks and 2 examiners were trained and the examiners were calibrated. The elderly individuals were interviewed and examined concurrently. The results highlighted the high prevalence of periodontal disease in the elderly in this local government area. Only 5.2% were free from periodontal disease. 94.8% had one or another stage of periodontal disease. It also demonstrated the poor oral cleanliness among these elderly. More than 42% had gross accumulation of calculus. Among the elderly in this local government area, 21.6% and 28.8% had shallow and deep pockets, respectively whilst 39.3% had one or more mobile teeth. Pockets and excessive mobility of the teeth represent advance stages of periodontitis. Majority (70.4%) of the elderly in the study claimed they use chewing sticks to maintain oral hygiene. The pattern of deposit of calculus along the interdental surfaces, mesio and distobuccal surfaces as well as lingual surfaces, question the effectiveness of the chewing stick in cleaning these surfaces. This study confirms findings of other authors, on oral hygiene in Nigeria. There is an urgent need to establish a community based outreach program to prevent and treat periodontal disease among the elderly in this local government area.