Enabling and demotivating factors associated with handwashing practices: A case study of undergraduate students in a Nigerian University

Abstract

Background: Improvement in hand hygiene behavior is one of the most important and cost- effective barriers to infectious diseases. This study described the practice, frequency of practice and identified factors associated with handwashing practice of undergraduate students in a Nigerian tertiary institution. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 345 undergraduate students in South-west Nigeria selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Data collection was done using a semi-structured, self-administered pre-tested questionnaire. Standard handwashing technique was determined using the total scores for handwashing under running water; with soap; for at least 15 seconds and washing the palms, back of palms, fingers, web spaces and wrists. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were done with p-value set at <0.05. Results: Majority 280 (81.9%) of the students wash hands regularly but only 146 (52.5%) practiced standard handwashing technique. A higher proportion of female students practiced standard handwashing (p=0.034). Enabling factors significantly associated with handwashing practices included imitation of friends (p=0.021); knowledge that handwashing prevents diseases (p=0.011); teachings from parents (p=0.034); disgust for feces (p=0.020) and handwashing practice believed to enhance social status (p<0.001) while statistically significant de-motivational factors included forgetfulness (p=0.028), lack of soap (p=0.012) and lack of time to spare (p=0.034). Conclusion: The practice of standard handwashing is poor amongst undergraduate students in south-west Nigeria with significant gender disparities. University communities need to initiate programs and develop strategies that will encourage the practice and remove all possible barriers.