Effect of trivalent chromium (Cr203) on stomach morphometry and some vital organs in male wistar rats

Abstract

Background: Trivalent chromium (Cr203) is required in trace amount and has health benefits. Its deficiency is linked to symptoms associated with endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. Its essentiality and presumed functions in body system is poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of Cr203 on gross morphology of the stomach, liver, kidneys and brain of rats. Methodology: Eighteen male Wistar rats (91.1 ± 4.2 g, 7 weeks old) were equally assigned to three groups: group 1 (control) received drinking water while groups 2 and 3 received 10 and 100ppmCr2 03 respectively for 12 weeks through drinking water. Animals were weighed weekly, sacrificed after 12 weeks and blood chromium concentration was determined and full blood count estimated. The stomach, colon, liver, kidney and brain were excised and weighed. Stomach was assessed for gross, histology and histomorphometry alterations. Liver, kidney and brain histology were also evaluated using standard methods Results: Blood chromium level was significantly higher in the group treated with 10 ppm Cr203 (0.17 ± 0.01 ppm); 100 ppm (0.19 ± 0.01 ppm) compared with control (0.11 ± 0.02 ppm). Platelet count was significantly lower in control (72.3 ±3.1 x 103 /µL) compared to 10 ppm (107.7 ±3. 7 103 /(µL) and 100 ppm (101.3 ± 4.4 x 103µL). The stomach mucosa width was significantly high in group treated with 10 ppm (7097±130 µm) and 100 ppm (7306 ± 632 µm) compared with control (4623 ± 247 µm). Brain histology revealed few deranged cells in the chromium treated groups. Conclusion: This study underscores possible stomach and few derangements in the brain cells from trivalent chromium treatment.